Guest Blog: Common Skin Conditions Affecting the Elderly
No matter how well we take care of ourselves, advancing age eventually takes its toll – especially on our skin. Over time, the various components that make up our bodies gradually become less able to resist the onset of decay. The epidermis, which is the body’s largest organ, is no exception. As we age, it dries out, grows thinner, and becomes more vulnerable to disease. These naturally-occurring difficulties are compounded when an elderly patient is confined to a long-term care facility.
In some cases, a skin problem may indicate an underlying condition that has gone undetected. Skin conditions can also arise from problems in positioning for patients who are confined to a bed or a wheelchair for an extended period. Once the wound has been healed, the caregiver should make sure that its cause is determined and addressed, and nothing else is being overlooked.
While there are many possible skin disorders that can affect the epidermis of an elderly patient, not all of them will require treatment. Some do, however, and the following are a few of the more common conditions and their possible treatments.
Allergic Reactions
It has been estimated that approximately 5-10% of people 65 or older suffer from an allergic disease. In addition to those who suffer from allergies throughout their lives, some individuals only develop allergies once they reach an advanced age. Underlying medical conditions, memory issues, the use of several medications simultaneously, and overall poor health, can also contribute to the late appearance of an allergy problem in an elderly patient.
Prescription medications are often the culprit when a geriatric patient develops a systemic allergic reaction. Because of this, anyone who does have allergies should be asked about any recent new medications he or she may have begun taking. However, there are other potential causes, including exposure to detergents or mites. Allergic reactions can present in a wide array of symptoms, making it difficult to sometimes narrow down a specific cause.
Allergic reactions should always be treated with topical steroids for one to two weeks. The caregiver should also make sure that the cause of the reaction has been addressed.
Fungal Infections
The most common fungal infection, regardless of a patient’s age, is candidiasis, which is a yeast infection that tends to appear on occluded regions of the epidermis, such as in the folds of the skin or under dressings. It’s most dangerous to older patients and most transmittable to patients who are confined to bed or a wheelchair. In geriatric patients, candidiasis presents with chills, fever, pustular skin lesions, and in some cases, symptoms indicating sepsis.
Fortunately, candidiasis can be prevented by applying miconazole powder to at-risk patches of skin. When it does appear, it should be treated by applying clotrimazole or nystatin cream to the affected areas. If it becomes a recurring problem for patients, bowel eradication using nystatin pastilles should be considered. The provider should also be sure to check the patient for signs of retinal lesions, as many elderly patients suffer from cataracts.
Another common fungal problem is seborrheic dermatitis, which is caused by infection from a different type of yeast, malassezia furfur. It presents as red and scaly patches of skin typically found in areas where hair is present; particularly the head, neck, and chest. It can be treated with ketoconazole (nizoral) 2% shampoo or selenium sulfide 2.5% (Selsun Blue).
Staph and Strep infections
Staph and strep infections are also among the most common problems health professionals will face in patients at a long-term care facility. Studies have estimated that, at any given time, 30-40% of long-term care residents are experiencing a fungal infection.
A staph infection typically results when bacteria enter the epidermis through a sore or a cut (including in areas where a patient may be attached to a catheter or other medical device). The infection presents painfully as a red, swollen patch on the skin. This may be accompanied by pus drainage, a skin abscess, warmth in the area, and a fever as well. In more severe cases, patients may even experience shortness of breath, chills, chest pain, fatigue, muscle aches, headaches, and rashes.
When a geriatric patient is suffering from a staph or strep infection, it should first be treated with a topical antibiotic such as mupirocin (bactroban). If this does not cure the infection and it enters the surrounding tissue, a tissue culture should then be taken to determine what organism is causing the problem. Depending on the results, a systemic antibiotic – usually augmentin, bactrim, ciprofloxacin, or tetracycline – should be given to the patient.
Guest Blog: Fraud, Scams, and Other Challenges Elders Face
Elder fraud is an enormous problem that involves massive financial loss and elder abuse. The misappropriation of finances and financial control is known as elder financial abuse or financial exploitation. Elders report losing approximately $1.17 billion each year, but the AARP estimates a more accurate number is probably closer to $40 billion.
Scams and Challenges Faced by Seniors
Elders face losing their independence, neglect and abuse, diminished physical ability, and age discrimination. Even healthy elderly individuals may fall prey to schemes at the hands of criminals or family.
Elderly individuals who require daily assistance may suffer abuse and neglect from caregivers and family members. Being left dirty and unbathed is one of the many signs of neglect that point to elderly abuse. Be on the alert for fraud and abuse perpetrated towards seniors.
What is Elderly Fraud?
Elder fraud is a scam operation that targets seniors. The scammer may be a family member or friend, or a stranger. The most common way for seniors to be targeted is over the Internet or email through phishing techniques, such as:
- Internet offers or emails advertising discount prescriptions and low-cost health coverage
- Internet offers that advertise financial support through home-equity loans or retirement savings
- Friendships evolving through email communications, phone calls, and social media
Telemarketing Frauds and Common Schemes
An FBI sting in 1980 involving specialized AARP members led to 1200 arrests and hundreds of convictions for fraudulent telemarketers selling water purifiers, vacations, sweepstakes, and environmental packages. Telemarketing fraud is still a large concern for seniors. Other typical elderly fraud schemes include:
Romance: Criminals seek to capitalize on elderly victims who desire to find a companion using dating websites and social media.
Grandparent: Criminals contact an elderly individual claiming to be a child or grandchild and needing immediate financial assistance.
Technical support: Criminals contact the elderly individual and offer to fix nonexistent technical issues to gain access to their devices and obtain sensitive information.
Sweepstakes or lottery scams: Criminals contact the elderly victim and claim they won a lottery or sweepstakes for which they require a fee.
Government impersonation: Criminals pose as government employees and threaten to arrest or prosecute elderly individuals unless they provide payments.
Home repair: Criminals appear in person at the elderly individual’s property to offer home-improvement services that they never provide.
Family or caregivers: Relatives and acquaintances of elderly individuals may seek to take advantage of them to obtain money or property.
TV/radio: Criminals seek to target potential victims using false advertisements for services such as reverse mortgages and credit repair.
COVID-19 Elderly Scams
During the COVID-19 pandemic, elderly fraud substantially grew as elders were separated from their close family and friends to avoid the virus. Some COVID-19 scams involved selling counterfeit products like air filters, vaccines, and testing, as well as contact tracing schemes designed to trick elders out of money and gain pertinent personal information.
Multiple scams continue to target the elderly concerning COVID-19, including Social Security Administration (SSA) scams and charity requests. One study estimated that one in 10 seniors fell victim to elderly fraud in 2018, and this number increased during the pandemic as elders faced:
Similar Concerns
Seniors tend to share similar concerns, including high medication costs, a need for healthcare coverage, dwindling retirement funds and plans to provide for their loved ones. Phishing emails on these specific topics grab personal information.
Isolated or Alone
Seniors are uniformly isolated and spend much of their daily lives alone. In many cases of elderly fraud, if the victim had spoken to a family member or a friend, the scam would not have happened.
Naïve and Trusting
While most individuals over the age of 30 do not have any memories without the Internet, most seniors have lived their lives without using email or the Internet and have misappropriated trust. They are unaware of the complexities behind a seemingly safe email.
Diminished Decision-Making Skills
Most seniors experience some diminished mental capacity, and this affects their decision-making abilities.
Elderly Schemes Based on Personal Info
Some schemes are more targeted and involve emails and phone calls using personal information to target the individual. These targeted attacks use information gleaned through general phishing attacks to draw the individual into a scam.
Elderly fraud has resulted in devastating losses for victims, and the US Consumer Financial Protection Bureau has found that victims suffer an average loss of $34,200 through such scams. The FBI elder fraud department is focused entirely on elderly scams.
Navigating the Financial Decisions Seniors Face After Becoming Widowed – And How Caregivers Can Help
Experiencing the loss of a spouse is a major change for anyone to deal with, but for seniors who have shared their life with one person for years, losing a spouse often brings about unexpected consequences. Besides dealing with grief, there are also financial issues to confront.
Seniors who are going through this loss often feel overwhelmed by the decisions they need to make and how those decisions will impact their future. This is where adult children or other caregivers can make a big difference by helping your loved one make sense of it all, so they can move forward with a solid financial plan.
Read on for some more thoughts from International Rehabilitation Consultants.
Knowing When and How to Help
As a caregiver of someone in this position, one thing you may be concerned about is whether your senior loved one should continue managing their own finances. Next Avenue points out that it’s important to address this concern openly before making any decisions. If you both feel like it’s a good idea for you to help, you will want to have your loved one sign a durable power of attorney, which will give you legal authority to access and manage accounts.
In some cases, your loved one may be able to manage their own accounts with a little assistance. Tech-savvy seniors should look into online banking, or as Bankrate recommends, consider trying apps that help, such as SilverBills or Ready, Set, Bank.
If your loved one wants to set up a nonprofit in their spouse’s memory and honor, you can help walk them through the process. Visit Zenbusiness to learn about legal requirements you need to tend to set up a nonprofit.
Health and Safety Concerns
Besides helping with the mundane financial tasks, you can also help by looking over your loved one’s financial statements to make sure their health needs are being met. This is especially important if your loved one is living alone because health and safety could become a concern.
One specific area to discuss is healthcare coverage. You can start by asking what kind of Medicare plan they have or if they get insurance through retirement benefits, either their own or through their spouse. This is a crucial question, as the death of a spouse may change your loved one’s eligibility for employer retirement benefits.
If your loved one has Medicare, you may want to look into whether a Medicare Advantage plan would be right for their financial situation. These plans are sold through popular companies like Aetna, and many seniors like the expanded benefits they provide, such as dental and vision care and prescription drug coverage.
Taking the Next Steps
Once you’ve looked at your loved one’s overall financial outlook, the next major question is “Where do we go from here?” Depending on your loved one’s income and savings, they may not need to make major changes. However, some seniors who become widowed are dealt a financial blow as a result of losing their spouse’s income.
In this case, it’s a good idea to seek advice from a financial advisor so that you don’t rush into decisions that could prove detrimental in the long term. For example, there are some tax implications of becoming widowed, including the decision to make early withdrawals from retirement savings. Doing this may seem like a good option for replacing a spouse’s lost income, but your loved one may lose out by having to pay additional taxes and penalties.
Another major consideration is whether your loved one will continue living at home. This is a personal decision, and finances are only part of the equation. If your loved one decides to sell their home, this is another issue where you want to do your research and consult with an expert, such as an attorney, who can guide you in the legal aspects of selling as a widow or widower.
Guest Blog: Tips for Caregivers Helping Seniors with Anxiety
Taking care of seniors with anxiety requires special attention and understanding. As a caregiver, providing the necessary support and creating a nurturing environment for seniors to manage their stress effectively is essential. This article offers practical tips for caregivers to help seniors cope with anxiety and improve their overall well-being.
Understanding Anxiety in Seniors:
Various factors contribute to anxiety in seniors, including health issues, life transitions, loss, loneliness, and cognitive changes. Understanding these causes can help caregivers identify potential triggers and provide appropriate support. Anxiety in seniors may manifest through physical symptoms (e.g., restlessness, fatigue) or emotional signs (e.g., excessive worry, irritability). Recognizing these signs enables caregivers to intervene and provide appropriate assistance. Empathy and effective communication create a safe space for seniors to express their concerns. Caregivers should listen attentively, validate their emotions, and show understanding to build trust and facilitate open dialogue.
Creating a Calm and Supportive Environment:
A. Establishing a routine and predictable schedule:
Seniors benefit from a consistent routine that provides structure and reduces uncertainty, which can contribute to anxiety. Caregivers should create a schedule that incorporates regular activities, meals, and relaxation time.
B. Providing a safe and comfortable living space:
A peaceful and relaxing environment is essential for seniors with anxiety. Caregivers should ensure that the living area is organized, clutter-free, and offers security.
C. Reducing environmental stressors and promoting relaxation techniques:
Caregivers can minimize ecological stressors, such as excessive noise or bright lights, and encourage relaxation techniques like deep breathing exercises, meditation, or gentle music to help seniors relax and alleviate anxiety.
Active Listening and Emotional Support
Caregivers should actively listen to seniors, paying attention to their verbal and non-verbal cues. Showing empathy and understanding validates their feelings, fosters trust, and encourages open communication. It is crucial to create a safe space for seniors to share their anxieties and worries. Caregivers should encourage them to express their emotions and actively engage in supportive conversations. Seniors often seek reassurance during anxious moments. Caregivers can provide validation, empathy, and gentle reminders of their strengths and abilities to help alleviate their anxiety.
Encouraging Social Engagement and Support
Physical activity has proven benefits for mental health. Caregivers should encourage seniors to engage in exercises suitable for their abilities, such as walking, gentle stretching, or chair exercises. Regular physical activity releases endorphins, reduces stress, and promotes overall well-being.
A balanced diet is essential for controlling anxiety. According to carers, seniors should have access to nourishing meals that contain a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean meats, and healthy fats. Additionally, caregivers should encourage seniors to stay hydrated as dehydration can exacerbate anxiety symptoms. Promoting adequate sleep and relaxation techniques. Sufficient sleep is essential for seniors’ mental health. Caregivers should help establish a bedtime routine that promotes relaxation, such as avoiding stimulating activities before bed and creating a comfortable sleep environment. Additionally, caregivers can teach seniors relaxation techniques like deep breathing exercises, meditation, or listening to soothing music to help them unwind and reduce anxiety.
Providing Cognitive and Behavioral Strategies
Seniors can quiet their brains and lessen worry by engaging in deep breathing exercises, meditation, and mindfulness practices. Seniors can be assisted in using these strategies by their carers, who can also gently remind them to do so when their anxiety levels are at their highest.
Seniors can question negative beliefs and reframe them more positively and realistically by using cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) approaches. Seniors can receive caregiving support by being encouraged to recognize destructive thinking patterns and swap them out for more powerful and positive ones.
Seniors can benefit from the problem-solving and stress management skills that carers can teach them to deal with worry. Seniors can be given the tools they need to take control of their anxiety and discover practical coping mechanisms by being encouraged to recognize stressors, break difficulties down into manageable stages, and investigate viable solutions.
Seeking Professional Help and Support
Caregivers caring for seniors need to recognize when elderly may require professional intervention for their anxiety. If anxiety significantly interferes with daily life, causes distress, or persists despite other efforts, caregivers should encourage seniors to seek help from mental health professionals.
Self-Care for Caregivers
To effectively help elderly patients who are experiencing anxiety, carers must put their health first. Maintaining physical and mental health requires engaging in self-care practices, including exercise, relaxation methods, and hobbies, and asking for help from other carers or support groups.
Connecting with other carers who have gone through similar things may be a great support system. Insights may be shared, help can be sought, and carers can feel more at ease knowing they are not making this trip alone.
Caregivers should recognize and manage their stress levels by implementing stress-management techniques such as deep breathing, meditation, or engaging in enjoyable activities. Allocating time for personal well-being helps caregivers recharge and approach their caregiving responsibilities with renewed energy and compassion.
Conclusion
Ongoing support and understanding are crucial in helping seniors manage anxiety. Caregivers can create a nurturing environment that fosters seniors’ mental well-being by being attentive, patient, and compassionate. Elders’ life can be significantly improved by carers’ efforts, who play a crucial role in helping elders who are experiencing anxiety. Carers may help seniors who suffer from pressure by using these suggestions and techniques to show compassion and improve their general well-being.